Solar Panel Calculator
How much solar you need for your power station, van, home or balcony, where you live, in the worst month as well as on average. No address, no phone number.
Step 1
What’s your situation?
Your power station or battery
Where and how
What will you run each day?
Where, and your battery
Your electricity use
Have a quote? Check it
Your kit and balcony
Solar by state
- Alabama 1,526
- Alaska 1,080
- Arizona 1,907
- Arkansas 1,518
- California 1,792
- Colorado 1,750
- Connecticut 1,466
- Delaware 1,465
- District of Columbia 1,471
- Florida 1,615
- Georgia 1,548
- Hawaii 1,678
- Idaho 1,603
- Illinois 1,427
- Indiana 1,408
- Iowa 1,452
- Kansas 1,572
- Kentucky 1,426
- Louisiana 1,550
- Maine 1,421
- Maryland 1,457
- Massachusetts 1,433
- Michigan 1,347
- Minnesota 1,417
- Mississippi 1,547
- Missouri 1,504
- Montana 1,475
- Nebraska 1,514
- Nevada 1,922
- New Hampshire 1,426
- New Jersey 1,440
- New Mexico 1,929
- New York 1,464
- North Carolina 1,543
- North Dakota 1,457
- Ohio 1,353
- Oklahoma 1,608
- Oregon 1,304
- Pennsylvania 1,419
- Rhode Island 1,453
- South Carolina 1,566
- South Dakota 1,509
- Tennessee 1,473
- Texas 1,523
- Utah 1,632
- Vermont 1,308
- Virginia 1,517
- Washington 1,292
- West Virginia 1,350
- Wisconsin 1,417
- Wyoming 1,664
How many solar panels to run…
- Refrigerator
- Mini fridge
- Freezer
- Window air conditioner
- Central air conditioner
- RV air conditioner
- Ceiling fan
- Box fan
- Dehumidifier
- Space heater
- Electric blanket
- Furnace blower fan
- Electric water heater
- TV
- Laptop
- Desktop computer
- Wi-Fi router
- LED light bulb
- Microwave
- Coffee maker
- Electric kettle
- Slow cooker
- Washing machine
- Electric clothes dryer
- Dishwasher
- Well pump
- EV charging
- Heat pump (heating)
- Hot tub
- CPAP machine
Charging a power station or battery
- 200 W panel + 1,000 Wh station
- 100 W panel + 1,000 Wh station
- 100 W panel + 300 Wh station
- 100 W panel + 500 Wh station
- 400 W panel + 2,000 Wh station
- 500 W panel + 3,600 Wh station
- 12V 50Ah battery
- 12V 100Ah battery
- 12V 200Ah battery
- 12V 300Ah battery
System sizes
Guides
- Solar in winter vs summer, by state
- The federal solar tax credit in 2026
- Balcony and plug-in solar basics
- Peak sun hours by state, explained
FAQ
How many solar panels do I need?
Divide the kWh you use in a year by what one kW of panels makes where you live, then by the panel size. The U.S. average home uses 863 kWh a month (EIA, 2024); in Tennessee, the middle state of the 50 and DC for sunshine, a kW of panels makes about 1,473 kWh a year, so that home needs about 7.03 kW: 18 × 400 W panels, rounded up.
Which states get the most solar output?
Per kW of panels, New Mexico (1,929 kWh a year), Nevada (1,922) and Arizona (1,907) lead; Alaska (1,080) and Washington (1,292) are lowest (Global Solar Atlas).
Is there still a 30% federal solar tax credit?
Not for systems paid for under the residential credit after 2025. The IRS says the section 25D credit “the credit will not be allowed for any expenditures made after December 31, 2025.” An expenditure counts as made when installation is completed. Our payback uses no federal credit.
Why size off-grid solar for the worst month?
Because the battery has to refill on the shortest, cloudiest days. Panels sized for the yearly average fall short every winter; the tools show both so you can choose.
Sources and assumptions
- Solar output (kWh per kW of panels, by month): Global Solar Atlas 2.0, long-term averages to 2025 (data version 2.2.68, updated 2026-04-01), for crystalline-silicon panels facing south at the best fixed tilt, after typical system losses. Data obtained from the “Global Solar Atlas 2.0, a free, web-based application is developed and operated by the company Solargis s.r.o. on behalf of the World Bank Group, utilizing Solargis data, with funding provided by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). For additional information: https://globalsolaratlas.info” Licensed CC BY 4.0; we rounded and combined it as described here. Not affiliated with or endorsed by Solargis or the World Bank Group.
- State figure: population-weighted average of the state’s three largest cities (U.S. Census Bureau Vintage 2024 population estimates; coordinates from the 2020 Census Gazetteer). Hawaii and DC use one city.
- Cross-check: NASA POWER sunshine climatology (2001–2025), tilted with a standard isotropic-sky model × 0.80. States more than 12% apart were reviewed by hand; the gaps are explained on our methodology page.
- Home use: EIA Table 5A, 2024 average monthly residential kWh by state. Rates: EIA Electric Power Monthly, August 2026.
- Tax credit: IRS FAQ on the One, Big, Beautiful Bill (FS-2025-05, Aug. 21, 2025).
- Assumptions: 85% charging efficiency into a battery, 85% from battery to appliance, panel counts rounded up, off-grid sizing for the worst month.